Flora and Fauna of Polomolok: Conservation and Eco-Tourism

Introduction

Polomolok, a thriving municipality in South Cotabato with a population of more than 172,000, is best known for its vast pineapple plantations and agricultural exports. Yet beyond its farmlands, Polomolok is home to an equally remarkable treasure: the rich biodiversity of Mount Matutum. This stratovolcano, which towers over the landscape, provides the region with fertile soil, a cool climate, and an ecosystem that shelters rare species of plants and animals. Today, conservation and eco-tourism initiatives highlight Polomolok not only as a center of agriculture but also as a hub for environmental appreciation.

Mount Matutum: The Guardian of Polomolok

Rising 2,286 meters above sea level, Mount Matutum dominates the skyline of Polomolok. Its slopes are covered with dense forests that act as watersheds for surrounding towns and provide a sanctuary for wildlife. The mountain’s volcanic soil supports both natural forests and cultivated lands, explaining why crops like pineapples thrive here.

For locals, Matutum is more than a landmark. It is regarded as the “guardian mountain,” shaping the cultural identity of surrounding communities. Indigenous peoples such as the B’laan consider it sacred, with traditions tied to its slopes and forests. Respect for nature is woven into local culture, and this reverence influences how conservation efforts are carried out.

Flora of Polomolok: A Living Tapestry

The forests of Mount Matutum shelter diverse plant life, from towering dipterocarp trees to smaller shrubs and medicinal herbs. Rare orchids and ferns thrive in the cooler, higher elevations, creating vibrant pockets of color among the green canopy. Bamboo groves, rattan, and fruit-bearing trees also grow in abundance, providing both ecological value and resources for nearby communities.

Polomolok’s agricultural lands, while man-made, also play a role in shaping the flora of the region. Pineapple plantations stretch across thousands of hectares, forming part of the landscape. These plantations, though commercial, are reminders of how the fertile environment supports large-scale production. Balancing agriculture with conservation is one of the ongoing challenges for the area.

Fauna: Home of Rare and Endangered Species

Mount Matutum and its surrounding forests serve as critical habitats for some of the Philippines’ most iconic wildlife. Among these is the Philippine eagle, one of the world’s largest and most endangered eagles. With its powerful wingspan and striking crest, the eagle symbolizes both the richness and fragility of the ecosystem. The mountain also provides refuge for hornbills, fruit doves, wild pigs, and various reptiles and amphibians.

Smaller species such as butterflies, freshwater crabs, and endemic insects play crucial roles in maintaining ecological balance. At night, the calls of owls and bats remind visitors that the mountain is alive around the clock. While not all species are easily visible to casual hikers, the knowledge that these creatures exist adds depth to the experience of exploring Polomolok’s natural areas.

Conservation Efforts and Eco-Tourism

Recognizing the importance of Mount Matutum’s biodiversity, government agencies, NGOs, and local communities have established conservation programs. The Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape is one such initiative, created to safeguard the forests and watersheds. Strict regulations are in place for logging and land use, while reforestation projects aim to restore degraded areas.

Eco-tourism plays a supportive role in conservation. By promoting responsible travel, local organizations encourage visitors to appreciate nature while contributing to its preservation. Hikes to Mount Matutum are often guided, with rules that emphasize low-impact trekking, waste management, and respect for indigenous lands. Fees collected from eco-tourism are reinvested in community and conservation projects, ensuring that tourism benefits both people and the environment.

Activities for Nature Lovers

Visitors to Polomolok can engage in several eco-tourism activities centered on Mount Matutum and its biodiversity:

• Trekking: Guided hikes up Mount Matutum provide opportunities to see the forest, listen to bird calls, and appreciate the cool mountain air. The summit offers panoramic views of South Cotabato and beyond.
• Birdwatching: With species like hornbills and fruit doves, the mountain is a rewarding destination for bird enthusiasts.
• Agri-tourism: Visiting pineapple plantations and other farms allows travelers to see how agriculture coexists with conservation.
• Cultural experiences: Interactions with the B’laan community offer insights into traditions that emphasize respect for nature and sustainable living.

How to Get There & Around

Polomolok is located about 30 minutes from General Santos City, which is served by an international airport with flights from Manila, Cebu, and other key cities. From General Santos, vans, buses, and jeepneys regularly travel to Polomolok.

Within the town, tricycles are the most common means of transport. For eco-tourism activities such as hiking, arrangements are usually made with local tourism offices or accredited guides who provide transport to trailheads.

Best Time to Visit & Weather

The best time to explore Polomolok and Mount Matutum is during the dry season from December to May. Trails are safer, and skies are clearer for viewing landscapes and wildlife. Average temperatures range from 24–30°C in the lowlands, with cooler conditions in the mountain’s higher elevations.

Rainy season months from June to November bring lush greenery but also slippery trails and potential hazards, so visitors during this period should be well-prepared with proper gear.

Responsible Travel

To support conservation and ensure minimal impact, travelers are encouraged to:

• Follow designated trails and avoid disturbing wildlife.
• Bring reusable bottles and containers to reduce plastic waste.
• Support local guides and communities by using accredited services.
• Respect cultural traditions of indigenous peoples, particularly when visiting sacred sites.

By practicing responsible travel, visitors contribute to the sustainability of eco-tourism and the protection of biodiversity.

Conclusion

Polomolok is not only a place of agricultural abundance but also a sanctuary of biodiversity, anchored by the towering Mount Matutum. Its flora and fauna represent both the beauty and fragility of the environment, reminding visitors of the need for balance between development and conservation. For travelers seeking an eco-tourism destination that combines natural wonder, cultural respect, and community involvement, Polomolok stands as a meaningful choice.

Visiting Polomolok is not just about seeing landscapes or wildlife; it is about participating in the story of conservation and appreciating the delicate connection between people and nature.